Prison Island (Changuu Island) — History and Wildlife Sanctuary

Experience Type: History, giant tortoises, short excursion
Best Season: Year‑round
Guest Appeal: Day‑trip guests, families, history lovers

Location and Context

Prison Island, locally known as Changuu Island, lies about 5 km northwest of Stone Town, a short 20–30 minute boat ride across the turquoise waters of Zanzibar’s harbour. Despite its name, the island was never used as a prison for convicts. Instead, it served as a quarantine station during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, housing individuals suspected of carrying infectious diseases before they entered Zanzibar. Today, the island is a popular half‑day excursion combining colonial history, wildlife encounters, and marine activities.

Key Features

• Giant Aldabra tortoises: A sanctuary for tortoises gifted from the Seychelles in the early 20th century, some over 100 years old.
  
• Historic ruins: Remnants of the old prison and quarantine station, including cells and administrative buildings.
• Giant Aldabra tortoises: A sanctuary for tortoises gifted from the Seychelles in the early 20th century, some over 100 years old.
• Marine environment: Shallow reefs around the island suitable for snorkelling and swimming.
• Scenic boat ride: Short transfer from Stone Town with panoramic views of the harbour and coastline.
• Compact layout: Easy to explore in 2–3 hours, making it ideal for families and cruise passengers.
• Educational value: Insight into Zanzibar’s colonial past and conservation efforts for endangered species.

Why Visit Prison Island

Prison Island offers a unique blend of history and wildlife in a short, accessible excursion. Visitors can explore colonial ruins, interact with giant tortoises, and snorkel in clear waters — all within half a day. Its proximity to Stone Town makes it perfect for cruise passengers or travellers with limited time. Families enjoy the tortoise sanctuary, while history lovers appreciate the preserved ruins. The island’s compact size ensures a relaxed, manageable visit without long transfers.

Expanded Details (Deep Dive)

Historical Background

Prison Island was acquired by the British in the late 19th century. Initially, it was intended to house violent prisoners, but this plan was abandoned. Instead, it became a quarantine station for yellow fever and other infectious diseases. The ruins of the cells and administrative buildings remain, offering a glimpse into colonial medical practices and Zanzibar’s role in regional health management.

The Tortoise Sanctuary

The island is best known today for its population of giant Aldabra tortoises, originally gifted by the British governor of Seychelles in the early 20th century. The sanctuary protects these endangered creatures, some of which weigh over 200 kg and live more than a century. Visitors can walk among the tortoises, feed them under supervision, and learn about conservation efforts. The sanctuary is a highlight for families and wildlife enthusiasts.

Marine Environment and Snorkelling

Surrounding Prison Island are shallow coral reefs teeming with colourful fish. Snorkelling trips are often included in excursions, allowing visitors to enjoy marine biodiversity. The clear waters make it easy for beginners and children to participate.

Scenic Boat Ride

The journey to Prison Island is part of the experience. Traditional dhows or motorboats carry visitors across the harbour, offering views of Stone Town’s skyline, the House of Wonders, and the Old Fort. The short transfer is safe and enjoyable, adding to the excursion’s appeal.

Appeal to Different Guests

• Families: Children enjoy interacting with giant tortoises and exploring ruins.
• Cruise passengers: Short duration makes it ideal for limited shore time.
• History lovers: Colonial ruins and quarantine station provide educational value.
• Adventure travellers: Snorkelling and boat rides add excitement.
• Photographers: Tortoises, ruins, and harbour views offer diverse subjects.

Practical Information

• Duration: 3–5 hours including boat transfer.
• Best time: Year‑round; mornings are cooler and seas calmer.
• Accessibility: Easy boat transfer from Stone Town; suitable for most ages.
• Etiquette: Respect tortoises by following guide instructions; avoid littering or damaging ruins.

Conclusion

Prison Island (Changuu Island) is a compact yet diverse attraction that combines colonial history, wildlife conservation, and marine adventure. Its proximity to Stone Town makes it one of Zanzibar’s most accessible excursions. Visitors leave with vivid memories of giant tortoises, historic ruins, and snorkelling in clear waters. For families, cruise passengers, and history enthusiasts, Prison Island is a must‑visit destination that delivers a complete experience in just half a day.

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